Association of serum uric acid with risk of stroke in US adults: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 1999–2020

Abstract

Background and aimsThe validity of high uric acid levels as an independent cause of stroke remains controversial, and the association between its low concentration and stroke is unclear. This study determines how different serum uric acid (SUA) levels are associated with stroke risk. MethodsThis cross-sectional study used continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data in the United States during 1999–2020. The SUA levels of 6.0, 6.8, and 9.0 mg/dL were all considered as cut-off points. Restricted cubic spline interpolation and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the different associations. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the influence of multiple factors on the outcomes. ResultsThe study included 23,413 participants aged ≥ 20 years. A J-shaped curve existed between SUA and stroke risk, and the risk of stroke was positively correlated with SUA levels in the overall population. Subgroup analysis of all adults in the SUA 6.8–9.0 mg/dL group showed that stroke risk for non-Hispanic white, obese, ex-smoker, and heavy drinking groups was increased, but for the other Hispanic group was reduced. In the SUA < 6.0 mg/dL group, stroke risk for ex-smoker, heavy drinkers, and no chronic kidney disease groups was increased. ConclusionOur findings indicate a J-shaped relationship between SUA levels and stroke risk. Low and high SUA levels increased stroke risk for different populations, except in the other Hispanic population. Early SUA management is highly significant for stroke prevention in high-risk populations.