Association of serum testosterone with different classes of glucose metabolism and the mediation effect of obesity: The Henan Rural Cohort Study.

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the association of serum testosterone with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and calculate the proportion explained by obesity status on the relationship. A case-control study including 2775 participants was performed. Serum testosterone was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression and multivariable linear regression were performed to estimate the relationships between testosterone and different glucose status. Waist circumference (WC) was used as a mediator to estimate the mediation effect. After adjusting for multiple variables, serum testosterone levels were negatively associated with T2DM in males (per 1 unit natural log-transformed, odd ratio (OR)=0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56, 0.96; Tertile 3 vs Tertile 1, OR=0.46, 95% CI:0.29, 0.72) while were positively in females (per 1 unit natural log-transformed, OR=1.56, 95% CI:1.32, 1.84; Tertile 3 vs Tertile 1, OR=3.55, 95% CI: 2.22, 5.66). In males, a higher testosterone tended to be associated with a lower fasting plasma glucose level and a weaker HOMA2-IR but a stronger HOMA2-β. Opposite findings were observed in females. Furthermore, WC played a full and partial mediating role in the relationship between testosterone and IFG and T2DM both in males and females. Serum testosterone levels had opposite effects on IFG and T2DM in males and females. With higher serum testosterone levels, the dysglycemia progression was decreased among males while increased among females. In addition, WC played a full and partial mediating role in the relationship between testosterone and IFG and T2DM.