Association of Serum IgG Antibody to P. gingivalis and Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetics and Non-Diabetics with Periodontitis

Abstract

Background: Diabetes and Periodontitis share a bidirectional relationship. Hyperglycaemia and duration of diabetes can cause the micro-organisms to thrive in the periodontium leading to the activation of the innate i mmune system and cause low grade infla mmation leading to systemic diseases such as Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The co mmonly used markers of CKD are Serum Creatinine and Albumin. Antibodies like IgG have been found to be elevated with decreased Kidney Function which is also elevated in infla mmatory conditions like Diabetes and Periodontitis. As there are no studies done to detect the progression of diabetes and periodontitis to early chronic kidney disease stages by using IgG antibody titre against P. gingivalis as a biomarker. The present study evaluated the same. Methods: Patients were divided into the following group two Groups of 40 each; Group 1 Periodontitis without diabetes) and Group 2 (Periodontitis with Diabetes). Periodontal parameters were recorded. Serum Creatinine, urine albumin and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) were calculated in both the groups. Serum IgG antibody titre against P. gingivalis was detected using ELISA. Results: IgG antibody titre against P. gingivalis was detected in both groups with no statistical significance (p-value 0.166). eGFR were significantly (p-value-0.007) lower in diabetics with Periodontitis compared with non-diabetics with periodontitis. A significant (p-value-0.002) association was found when IgG antibody against P. gingivalis compared with eGFR in both the groups. Serum Creatinine and urine albumin were significantly higher [p value- 0.001 and p-value- 0.040] in diabetics with Periodontitis compared to non-Diabetics with Periodontitis. Conclusion: IgG antibody titre against P. gingivalis was similar in both the groups with no significant difference but it was associated with decreased eGFR which revealed that IgG antibody titre against P. gingivalis may be used to detect the progression of diabetes to Early chronic kidney Disease Stages. Hence more studies are required to establish it as a potential marker in diabetic patients with periodontitis.