Abstract
The association between mild renal dysfunction and bone mineral density (BMD) has not been fully explored. It is also unclear how menopausal status and the use of Chinese herb affect this association. This is a cross-sectional study that included a total of 1,419 women aged 40 to 55 years old who were recruited from the MJ Health Management Institution in Taiwan between 2009 and 2010. Spinal BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and creatinine clearance rate (CCr). The multivariable logistic regression and general linear models were employed to assess the association between renal function and BMD. Stratification analyses were performed by menopausal status and use of Chinese herbs. Low CCr levels were significantly associated with low BMD [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–1.90]. This association was observed in premenopausal women (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.07–1.92) and in women not taking Chinese herbs (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.14–1.94). CCr is a better predictor for low BMD in middle-aged women. Menopausal status and the use of Chinese herbs also affected this association.
Highlights
About 61% and 24% of Caucasian women with osteoporosis have mild to moderate and severe renal disease, respectively[4]
The distribution of uric acid (UA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), use of Chinese herbs, history of hypertension, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, calcium supplement intake, and regular exercise were similar between the high and low bone mineral density (BMD) groups. eGFR was negatively correlated with BMD, body weight, and UA
clearance rate (CCr) was positively correlated with BMD, body weight, hypertension, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting glucose (FG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), UA, and eGFR
Summary
About 61% and 24% of Caucasian women with osteoporosis have mild to moderate and severe renal disease, respectively[4]. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) lose the capacity to excrete adequate phosphates and fail to convert vitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D5. These conditions contribute to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the elevation of fibroblast growth factor www.nature.com/scientificreports/. Earlier reports have reported that decreased renal function was associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) or osteoporosis[9,10,11,12]; these studies were mostly based on small study populations (N = 2 7 to 659).
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