Abstract
BackgroundWe investigated the composition of the gluteal (gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus) and quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius) muscle groups and its associations with femoral bone marrow using chemical shift encoding-based water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (CSE-MRI) to improve our understanding of muscle-bone interaction.MethodsThirty healthy volunteers (15 males, aged 30.5 ± 4.9 years [mean ± standard deviation]; 15 females, aged 29.9 ± 7.1 years) were recruited. A six-echo three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo sequence was used for 3-T CSE-MRI at the thigh and hip region. The proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of the gluteal and quadriceps muscle groups as well as of the femoral head, neck, and greater trochanter bone marrow were extracted and averaged over both sides.ResultsPDFF values of all analysed bone marrow compartments were significantly higher in men than in women (p ≤ 0.047). PDFF values of the analysed muscles showed no significant difference between men and women (p ≥ 0.707). After adjusting for age and body mass index, moderate significant correlations of PDFF values were observed between the gluteal and quadriceps muscle groups (r = 0.670) and between femoral subregions (from r = 0.613 to r = 0.655). Regarding muscle-bone interactions, only the PDFF of the quadriceps muscle and greater trochanter bone marrow showed a significant correlation (r = 0.375).ConclusionsThe composition of the muscle and bone marrow compartments at the thigh and hip region in young, healthy subjects seems to be quite distinct, without evidence for a strong muscle-bone interaction.
Highlights
We investigated the composition of the gluteal and quadriceps muscle groups and its associations with femoral bone marrow using chemical shift encoding-based water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (CSE-MRI) to improve our understanding of muscle-bone interaction
The results suggested that the relationships between bone marrow composition and body fat content are quite complex and exhibit regional differences [21]
Study population The assumption of a normal distribution had to be rejected for body mass index (BMI)
Summary
We investigated the composition of the gluteal (gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus) and quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius) muscle groups and its associations with femoral bone marrow using chemical shift encoding-based water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (CSE-MRI) to improve our understanding of muscle-bone interaction. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry enables the assessment of bone mineral density as well as lean and adipose tissue mass [2]. Assessment of muscle composition has been extensively performed by indirect density-based quantification of inter-muscular adipose tissue using computed tomography, which allows to simultaneously derive measurements of muscle volume [3]. Chemical shift encoding-based water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (CSE-MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy can measure the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in skeletal muscle [4], bone marrow [5], the liver [6,7,8], and other tissues [9]. The spatial resolution of CSE-MRI provides the opportunity to analyse multiple compartments from the same dataset, thereby enabling the efficient PDFF assessment of muscles and bone marrow of the thigh and hip region
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