Association of Polymorphic and Haplotype Variants of the MSX1 Gene and the Impacted Teeth Phenomenon.

Grzegorz Trybek,Aleksandra Jaroń,Anna Grzywacz

doi:10.3390/genes12040577

Abstract

It is known that genetic factors determine odontogenesis; furthermore, studies have revealed that various genes in humans can regulate the development of different types and generations of teeth. In this study it has been assumed that tooth impaction—at least to some extent—also depends on the presence of specific genetic markers, especially allelic variants of the MSX1 gene. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the suitability of selected molecular markers located within the MSX1 gene for the determination of the risk of tooth impaction in particular patients. The study participants were divided into two groups: (1) the study group—at least one secondary tooth was impacted in the jaws; (2) the control group—no impacted tooth in the jaws. Real-Time PCR and TaqMan probes were used to detect selected polymorphisms in the analyzed genes. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of MSX1 were analyzed. After the two subgroups of patients were distinguished in the study group based on the number of impacted teeth, statistically significant differences in the frequency of genotypes described for rs12532 in the MSX1 gene were found.

Highlights

Molecular pathways and morphogenetic processes, which are involved in the development of teeth, have been studied thoroughly over the last few decades
After the two subgroups of patients were distinguished in the study group based on the number of impacted teeth, statistically significant differences in the frequency of genotypes described for rs12532 in the MSX1 gene were found
As mentioned in the introduction, studies using animal models point out that the transcription factor encoded by the MSX1 gene regulates expression of many target genes and, through direct or indirect interaction, it may interact with PAX9 and other proteins involved in odontogenesis, including the previously discussed protein family, i.e., DLX and TBP [16]

Summary

Introduction

Molecular pathways and morphogenetic processes, which are involved in the development of teeth, have been studied thoroughly over the last few decades. Mice are the most popular animal models used in this type of research. The epithelial tissue comes from the superficial ectoderm and the pharyngeal endoderm [1,2], whereas mesenchyme is formed by the cells of the cranial neural crest. The neural crest cells originate from the marginal part of neuroepithelium and migrate laterally and ventrally to fill facial protuberances with mesenchyme [3]. Mesenchyme, which comes from the neural crest, forms the skeletal elements of the face and maxilla, as well as most of the soft and hard tissues in teeth, including dentin, dental pulp, alveolar process bone, and periodontal ligaments [4]

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