Abstract
BackgroundPeripheral high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been known to influx into the brain and be inversely associated with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, recent prospective studies of the association between HDL-C and AD have yielded inconsistent results. Here, we examined the association between the endothelial lipase (EL), which is known to be major determinant of HDL-C levels, and cognitive function.MethodWe compared plasma from 20 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 38 persons with mild cognitive impairment, and 51 cognitively normal controls. Plasma EL levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsEL levels were inversely correlated with HDL-C, as previously reported; however, there were no mean differences in plasma EL between the diagnostic groups. An analysis by classification of dementia severity according to clinical dementia rating (CDR) showed that the EL levels were significantly higher in the CDR1 group (mild dementia), as compared to CDR0 (no dementia), CDR0.5 (very mild), and CDR2 (moderate) groups. Prior to moderate dementia stage, trends analysis showed that EL levels tended to increase with increasing severity (p for trend = 0.013). Consistently, elevated EL levels were significantly correlated with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score (r = − 0.29, p = 0.003). Logistic regression for association between plasma EL and cognitive impairment (MMSE score ≤ 25) showed that participants with EL levels in the upper range (> 31.6 ng/ml) have a higher adjusted odds ratio of cognitive impairment than those within the lower EL range.ConclusionFindings from the present study reflect the association of EL and cognition, suggesting that the individuals with elevated plasma EL concentration are at an increased risk of cognitive impairment.
Highlights
Peripheral high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been known to influx into the brain and be inversely associated with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
endothelial lipase (EL) levels were inversely correlated with HDL-C, as previously reported; there were no mean differences in plasma EL between the diagnostic groups
An analysis by classification of dementia severity according to clinical dementia rating (CDR) showed that the EL levels were significantly higher in the CDR1 group, as compared to CDR0, CDR0.5, and CDR2 groups
Summary
Peripheral high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been known to influx into the brain and be inversely associated with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene is known to play a role in neuronal lipid homeostasis in the brain, and ApoE genotype has been associated with an increased risk of AD [2]. A recent meta-analysis of cohort studies found that increased cholesterol in mid-life, not in late-life, is associated with incident dementia in old age [8]. This current evidence supports an involvement of dyslipidemia in development of AD
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