Abstract
The published literature on the association of circulatory branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) with reduced kidney function is inconsistent or conflicting. Clarification of it might help to better understand the underlying pathophysiology and to determine potential biomarkers for early detection and evaluation of kidney function decline. Our main purpose was to explore and clarify the potential relationships of individual BCAAs and AAAs with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline. We included the data from 2804 healthy subjects and categorized them into three groups based on eGFR tertiles. The associations between individual amino acids and eGFR were explored by covariate-adjusted logistic regression models. There was a progressive increase in the concentrations of BCAAs and AAAs from the upper to the lower tertiles. We revealed significant positive associations of isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine with lower tertiles of eGFR in the adjusted models (p < 0.01–0.001). The findings hold a promising potential of using plasma isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine levels for evaluation of kidney function decline. Future longitudinal studies should investigate the causal association between altered levels of these amino acids and impaired kidney function and also the utility of the former as potential biomarkers for evaluating the risk and early detection of the latter.
Highlights
Impaired kidney function, usually defined by a reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, is a major health problem in both developing and developed countries.Impairment in kidney function has consistently been shown to be an independent risk factor for the development and progression of a wide variety of adverse health outcomes, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, anemia and infections, impairment in cognitive function, peripheral artery disease, etc. [1,2,3,4,5,6]
We investigated the potential association between altered levels of BCAAS and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after adjustments for potential confounders by multinomial logistic regression analyses, considering the corresponding highest tertile of eGFR as the reference category (Table 4)
To clarify the association between circulatory levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and AAAs with kidney function decline, in this study, we investigated and characterized these plasmafree amino acids (PFAAs) according to the tertiles of eGFR in a large group of healthy people
Summary
Usually defined by a reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), is a major health problem in both developing and developed countries.Impairment in kidney function has consistently been shown to be an independent risk factor for the development and progression of a wide variety of adverse health outcomes, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, anemia and infections, impairment in cognitive function, peripheral artery disease, etc. [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Impairment in kidney function has consistently been shown to be an independent risk factor for the development and progression of a wide variety of adverse health outcomes, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, anemia and infections, impairment in cognitive function, peripheral artery disease, etc. An improved understanding of the potential determinants of kidney function decline is of utmost importance, which 4.0/). A number of studies suggested the important roles of specific plasmafree amino acids (PFAAs) in the development and progression of a wide variety of human diseases [9,10]. There is an increasing number of research works assessing the utility of PFAAs as potential disease biomarkers [10,11,12,13].
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