Association of Particulate Matter from Cooking Oil Fumes with Heart Rate Variability and Oxidative Stress.

Chang-Chuan Chan,Lian-Yu Lin,Ching-Huang Lai,Kai-Jen Chuang,Chih-Hong Pan,Ming-Tsang Wu

doi:10.3390/antiox10081323

Abstract

Many studies have reported various cardiovascular autonomic responses to ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution, but few have reported such responses to occupational PM exposures. Even fewer have demonstrated a relationship between PM pollution and oxidative stress in humans. This panel study evaluates the association between occupational exposure to PM in cooking oil fumes (COFs), and changes in both heart rate variability (HRV) and oxidative stress responses in 54 male Chinese cooks. Linear mixed-effects regression models were adopted to estimate the strength of the association between PM and HRV. Participants’ pre- and post-workshift urine samples were analyzed for 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Exposure to PM in COFs from 15 min to 2 h were associated with a decrease in HRV and an increase in heart rate among cooks. The urinary 8-OHdG levels of cooks were significantly elevated after workshift exposure to COFs. The levels of PM2.5, PM1.0, and particulate benzo(a)pyrene in COFs were all positively correlated with cross-workshift urinary 8-OHdG levels. Furthermore, the levels of benzo(a)pyrene in COFs were positively correlated with cross-workshift urinary MDA levels. The effects of COFs on HRV were independent of cross-workshift urinary 8-OHdG levels. Exposure to COFs leads to disturbed autonomic function and an increased risk of oxidative DNA injury among cooks in Chinese restaurants.

Highlights

Many studies have investigated the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) of various sizes and heart rate variability (HRV) among susceptible populations as well as healthy young people
The decrease in SDNN is an indicator of decreased vagal activity or increased sympathetic tone [30], while the decline in r-MSDD and high frequency (HF) components indicates the withdrawal of vagal activity, which is an index of increased cardiovascular events [31,32]
Cooks are occupationally exposed to cooking oil fumes (COFs) of which PM and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important components

Summary

Introduction

Many studies have investigated the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) of various sizes and heart rate variability (HRV) among susceptible populations as well as healthy young people. But not all, have observed a negative association between ambient PM exposure and at least one measure of HRV at various time lags. Few studies have demonstrated a relationship between elevated PM levels and increased oxidative stress in humans, partly due to difficulties in measuring and interpreting measures of oxidative stress. One recent study noted that the elevation of oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-20 -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level was associated with an increase in nitrate and sulfate levels in urban air pollution [10]

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Discussion

Conclusion