Association of Osteogenic Adaptation and Sport Training in Distance Running, Soccer and Volleyball

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine whether sports training comprising of 1) high-impact loading sport in volleyball (VOL), 2) odd impact loading sport in soccer (SOC), and 3) low impact sport in distance running (RUN) were associated with weight bearing tibial bending strength and calcaneus BMD, and non-weight bearing ulnar bending strength and distal radius and ulna (wrist) BMD. Method: Female athletes comprised of 13 VOL, 22 SOC and 22 RUN participated in the study. A group of 23 non-athletes (NA) served as the comparison group. Tibial and ulnar bending strength ( EI, Nm 2 ) were assessed using a mechanical response tissue analyzer (MRTA). Calcaneus and wrist BMD were assessed using a peripheral X-ray absorptiometry. Group means differences among the study groups were determined using ANCOVA with weight, height, body mass index, ethnicity/race, and training history serving as covariates, and Tukey post-hoc test to determine the sources of the difference. Results: Tibial EI of VOL (228.3 ±138 Nm 2 ) and SOC (208.6 ±115 Nm 2 ) were higher (p < 0.05) than NA (101.2 ± 42 Nm 2 ), but not RUN (144 ± 110 Nm 2 ). Ulnar EI of VOL, SOC and RUN (43.6 ± 17, 54.9 ± 51, 33.6 ± 15 Nm 2 , respectively) were higher (p < 0.05) than NA (27.2 ± 9 Nm 2 ), not among the athletic groups. Calcaneus BMD of VOL (.618 ± .0.12 g/cm 2 ), SOC (.621 ± .009 g/cm 2 ), and RUN (.572 ± .007 g/cm 2 ) were higher (p<0.05) than NA (.501 ± .08 g/cm 2 ), not among the athletic groups. Wrist BMD of VOL (.484 ± .06 g/cm 2 ) and SOC (.480 ± .06 g/cm 2 ) were higher (p < 0.05) than NA (.443 ± .04 g/cm 2 ). Conclusion: The most effective mode of musculoskeletal loading activity for developing tibial bending strength and calcaneus and wrist BMD is from VOL and SOC training. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.