Association of nutrient-derived dietary patterns with sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older Japanese: a cross-sectional study

Yuri Yokoyama,Hisashi Kawai,Yutaka Watanabe,Keiko Motokawa,Hunkyung Kim,Shoji Shinkai,Miki Narita,Akihiko Kitamura,Shuichi Obuchi,Satoshi Seino,Hirohiko Hirano

doi:10.1186/s12937-021-00665-w

Yuri Yokoyama, Hisashi Kawai + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-021-00665-w

Copy DOI

Abstract

BackgroundDiet is a modifiable factor affecting sarcopenia, and accumulating evidence links dietary factors to muscle mass, strength, and function in older adults. However, few studies have examined the association of dietary patterns with sarcopenia. This study examined the association of dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression (RRR) with sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older Japanese.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 1606 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Nutrient-derived dietary patterns were identified by using RRR, with sarcopenia-related nutrients (protein, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, folate, vitamin K, magnesium, iron, and calcium intakes) as response variables. Sarcopenia was defined by using the algorithm of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Multivariate regression and logistic regression were used to examine the association of dietary patterns with sarcopenia and its components.ResultsThe first RRR dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of fish, soybean products, potatoes, most vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, and fruit and a low intake of rice and was associated with decreased prevalence of sarcopenia: the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of sarcopenia was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.94; p for trend=0.022) in the highest versus the lowest tertile of dietary pattern. This dietary pattern was also significantly positively associated with usual gait speed (β: 0.02, p=0.024).ConclusionsA dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of fish, soybean products, potatoes, most vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, and fruits and low rice intake was inversely associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Japanese.

Highlights

Diet is a modifiable factor affecting sarcopenia, and accumulating evidence links dietary factors to muscle mass, strength, and function in older adults
Two main approaches have been used to identify dietary patterns [13, 14]: the a priori approach uses diet quality scores or indices based on dietary guidelines, while the a posteriori approach uses statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis based on dietary intake reported by a population
The first rank regression (RRR) pattern highly correlated with intakes of each nutrient (Spearman rank correlation coefficient: ≥0.61 for all; P< 0.001)

Summary

Introduction

Diet is a modifiable factor affecting sarcopenia, and accumulating evidence links dietary factors to muscle mass, strength, and function in older adults. Two main approaches have been used to identify dietary patterns [13, 14]: the a priori approach uses diet quality scores or indices based on dietary guidelines, while the a posteriori approach uses statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis based on dietary intake reported by a population. Because these methods of analyzing dietary pattern do not attempt to identify dietary disease-specific patterns, the patterns identified are not always optimal for explaining diet–disease associations [15]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion