Abstract
The 5'-flanking regions (promoters) of the bovine αs1-, αs2- and β-casein genes were analysed for DNA sequence variants using PCR/RFLP in Polish Red (PR) and Black-and-White (BW) cattle. The polymorphic sites occurred at positions -1084 and -186 in the promoter region of the αs2-casein gene and at -728 and -109 in the αs1- and β-casein genes, respectively. These poly- morphic sites were located within known potential regulatory sequences, suggesting an influence on the binding of transcription factors and expression of the bovine casein genes. Associations were found between various genotypes in the promoter region of the αs2-casein gene and αs1- and β-casein genotypes, thus showing the existence of intergenic haplotypes within the bovine casein locus. Milk proteins derived from cows of varying genotypes in the casein gene promoters were analysed using SDS-PAGE and HPLC techniques. It was shown that nucleotide sequence polymorphism in the pro- moter region of the bovine αs2-casein gene was associated with various contents of αs2- and β-casein in the milk. Bovine casein gene / 5'-flanking region / gene polymorphism / milk protein
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