Association of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With in-Hospital Outcomes in Primary Heart Failure Hospitalizations With Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction

Abstract

Recent studies focusing on the prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of primary heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are sparse. We sought to assess these using a nationally-representative population. We used the 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample database to study the prevalence, characteristics, clinical risk profiles, morbidity, mortality, cost, and resource utilization among primary HFpEF and HFrEF hospitalizations with and without NAFLD. In the period from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, there were 3,522,459 admissions of patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of primary HF. Of these, 82,585 (2.3%) hospitalizations had secondary diagnosis of NAFLD. Admissions with NAFLD and HFrEF were associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality (aOR 1.84, CI 1.66-2.04, P < 0.001) compared to admissions of HFrEF without NAFLD. Similarly, hospitalizations with HFpEF-NAFLD were associated with higher rates of in hospital mortality (aOR 1.65 CI 1.43-1.9, P < 0.001) compared to HFpEF admissions without NAFLD. Pressors use, cardiogenic shock, AKI with or without dialysis use, cardiac arrest, LOS and hospitalization cost were higher in admissions of HFrEF and HFpEF with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD. In-hospital mortality, was higher in primary HFrEF and HFpEF admissions with NAFLD compared to without NAFLD. Physicians must be aware of the worse clinical outcomes of HFrEF and HFpEF in patients with NAFLD. Further clinical research is needed to address the knowledge gap and treatment options available for the patients with HF and NAFLD.