Association of mild cognitive impairment with serum Vitamin D level in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases around the world and its prevalence is continuously increasing. It is seen that many patients of diabetes with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have low serum level of Vitamin D. The aim of the study is to identify the correlation between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and MCI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This cross-sectional study was conducted at P.B.M. Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. Method: In this study, 100 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in which 47 were male and 53 were female. For measuring the cognitive impairment in patients, we used montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test. After evaluating all the patients with MoCA test, 43 patients were found to have MCI with MoCA score t -test, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: After analyzing all the patients clinically, it was found that diabetic patients with MCI had low level of serum Vitamin D (21.97 ± 7.063 ng/ml vs. 41.17 ± 11.544 ng/ml, P value 0.0001). It was also found that diabetic patients with MCI had longer duration of diabetes (156.42 ± 58.950 months vs. 40.11 ± 36.198 months, P value 0.0001), poor blood sugar control (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1C] level 9.18 ± 1.137% vs. 7.93 ± 0.462%, P value 0.0001). Conclusion: The MoCA score was positively correlated with log 10 [25(OH) D] with correlation coefficient r = +0.512 ( P = 0.001). The association of MoCA score was found negative with duration of diabetes ( r = ­0.103), and positive with HbA1C ( r = +0.003), and P values were 0.444 and 0.984, respectively.