Abstract
Kidney stone disease is common throughout the world. Elevated prevalence of kidney stones is often associated with metabolic syndrome itself. This study aimed to assess the association between kidney stones and metabolic syndrome parameters in differences gender. This was a cross-sectional study with Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression for data analysis from the secondary data Riskesdas 2013 with 26,063 respondents. Diagnosis of kidney stone based on Riskesdas 2013 interview, metabolic syndrome based on NCEP ATP-III and PERKENI. Result showed that there were 226 (0.9%) diagnosed kidney stones cases by doctors. After adjustment age, central obesity was dominant factor which associated with the risk of kidney stones in male (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3-2.9; p=0.003) and metabolic syndrome was dominant factor which associated with the risk of kidney stones in female (OR 6.1; 95% CI 3.4-11.3; p<0.001). The conclusion was that metabolic syndrome and central obesity were associated with risk of kidney stones.
Highlights
Kidney stone disease is common throughout the world with the lifetime risk in the United States exceeding 10.94% in men and 9.4% in women (Chen et al, 2018)
The prevalence of age, sex, central obesity, employment status, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and metabolic syndrome was significantly different between the two groups in entire respondents
Central obesity was dominant factor which associated with the risk of kidney stones in male respondents
Summary
Kidney stone disease is common throughout the world with the lifetime risk in the United States exceeding 10.94% in men and 9.4% in women (Chen et al, 2018). This disease increased morbidity and major cause urinary tract stones deaths in the world. Kidney stones was contributed to 0.5% of all inpatient hospital stays, with the average length of inpatient stay being 2.8 days (Kum et al, 2016). The annual cost of kidney stones, inflation-adjusted for 2014, has been estimated at US$2.81 billion in USA. The cost of kidney stones is projected to increase to US$1.24 billion per year by 2030 (Antonelli et al, 2014)
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