Abstract
Background and AimMetabolic syndrome (MetS) and albuminuria increase cardiovascular risk. However, in occupational drivers, the clinical significance of albuminuria and its association with MetS remain unclear. We investigated the prevalence of MetS, albuminuria and cardiovascular risk, and its associated risk factors in occupational drivers;Methods441 occupational drivers and 432 age- and sex-stratified matched counterpart controls were enrolled. MetS was defined using Adult Treatment Panel III for Asians. Albuminuria was defined as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g. Cardiovascular disease risk was evaluated by Framingham Risk Score (FRS);ResultsA significantly higher prevalence of MetS (43.1% vs. 25.5%, p < 0.001), albuminuria (12.0% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.001) and high FRS risk ≥ 10% of 10-year risk (46.9% vs. 35.2%, p < 0.001) was found in occupational drivers compared with their counterpart controls. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that old age, a history of diabetes, gout and betel nut chewing, less exercise and albuminuria (odds ratio [OR], 2.75; p = 0.01) were risk factors for MetS, while a history of renal disease, diabetes and hypertension, and MetS (OR, 2.28; p = 0.01) were risk factors for albuminuria in occupational drivers;ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that MetS and albuminuria were public health problems in occupational drivers. An education program for promoting healthy lifestyle and a regular occupational health visit for early detection and interventions should be established.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which comprises central obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure (BP)and impaired fasting glucose, is a known risk factor for albuminuria and cardiovascular disease [1,2].On the other hand, albuminuria is associated with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus (DM) and the components of MetS, such as hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia [3]
Occupational drivers were associated with lower class of education, lower prevalence of a history of hypertension, higher percentages of smoking, alcohol drinking, and betel nut chewing, lower percentage of exercise habit, higher systolic and diastolic BP, higher body mass index, wider waist circumference, higher fasting glucose, higher total cholesterol, lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and higher triglyceride
The prevalence of a history of hypertension was significantly lower than that of controls (10.0% vs. 15.0%; p = 0.01), the prevalences of MetS (43.1% vs. 25.5%, p < 0.001), albuminuria (12.0% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.01) and high Framingham Risk Score (FRS) risk (46.9% vs. 35.2%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in occupational drivers compared with controls
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which comprises central obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure (BP)and impaired fasting glucose, is a known risk factor for albuminuria and cardiovascular disease [1,2].On the other hand, albuminuria is associated with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus (DM) and the components of MetS, such as hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia [3]. Some epidemiological studies have identified several important risk factors for these disorders, including life-style risk factors (i.e., alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet) and psychological reason (i.e., high stress due to hazardous working conditions, irregular sleep habits, etc.) [8,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] It is still uncertain whether albuminuria plays a role in the development of MetS and cardiovascular disease in occupational drivers. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of MetS, albuminuria and cardiovascular risk and its associated risk factors in occupational drivers.
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