Abstract
BackgroundMaternal anemia, a common situation in developing countries, provokes impairment of nutrients/oxygen supply to the placenta-fetus unit that leads to Great obstetrical syndromes (GOS). In our setting, however, occurrence of GOS has been found also depending on variables existing prior to pregnancy such as diabetes in family, hypertension in family, previous macrosomia, stillbirth, SGA and pre-eclampsia as well as overweight/obesity. Our study thus aimed to determine the magnitude of maternal anemia and its association with these pre-pregnancy high-risk variables in occurrence of GOS.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study including women delivered at the University Clinics of Kinshasa, DR Congo, 12. during 18 months. Anemia was stated at hemoglobin blood concentration < 10 g/dL. Sampled women were checked for pregnancy high-risk factors and pregnancy complications. Odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) were calculated to establish associations of anemia with various variables. Multivariate calculations aimed to isolate variables influencing these associations. The p <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe study sample included 412 women, among whom 220 (53.4 %) were diagnosed anemic. Anemia was found significantly linked to malaria, urinary infection, cesarean section, prematurity, SGA and stillbirth whose risk was 1.6 – 6.1 times augmented. Anemia was also found linked to pre-pregnancy high-risk factors such as age < 18 and ≥ 35 years, previous miscarriage, grand multiparity, diabetes in family, previous prematurity, overweight/obesity, previous cesarean section and previous pre-eclampsia, all of them enhancing the link of maternal anemia with complications.ConclusionMaternal anemia is very prevalent among pregnant women of our setting. It strongly contributes to worsening of morbidities that act with pregnancy high-risk factors in raising the risk of cesarean section, prematurity, SGA and stillbirth.
Highlights
Maternal anemia, a common situation in developing countries, provokes impairment of nutrients/ oxygen supply to the placenta-fetus unit that leads to Great obstetrical syndromes (GOS)
Due to adaptive responses needed by fetus to face these pathological conditions, permanent changes are likely to occur in its lipid metabolism [2], number of cells of the pancreas [3] and haemostatic factors [4], which raise the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancers and diabetes in adult life
Our study aimed to determine the magnitude of maternal anemia and its association with these pre-pregnancy high-risk variables in occurrence of GOS
Summary
A common situation in developing countries, provokes impairment of nutrients/ oxygen supply to the placenta-fetus unit that leads to Great obstetrical syndromes (GOS). Due to adaptive responses needed by fetus to face these pathological conditions, permanent changes are likely to occur in its lipid metabolism (low lipoproprotein cholesterol) [2], number of cells of the pancreas (underdeveloped pancreas) [3] and haemostatic factors (elevated concentrations of fibrinogen and factor VII) [4], which raise the risk of cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks and stroke), cancers and diabetes in adult life These are 3 of the four main NCDs (the fourth being chronic respiratory diseases) that are projected to be the leading causes of global deaths by 2030 [5]. Tackling NCDs by means of their ever known risk factors (malnutrition, sedentary lifestyle, exposure to cigarette’s smoke and alcohol abuse) [5, 6] needs to be accompanied by prevention/treatment of GOS
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