Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition with heterogeneous pathophysiology which characterized by fetal weight less than the tenth percentile for gestational age. Several factors have impact on maternal, placental and fetal due to growth restriction. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of leptin in the cord, and serum leptin of mothers also abnormal color Doppler indices of umbilical artery with fetal growth restriction. This is a cross sectional study conducted in Isfahan, Iran, 2015-2016. We recruited 40 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (Group I) and 40 pregnant women with normal fetal growth (Group II) with matched age. Maternal serum and umbilical artery leptin levels were determined with Enzyme-Linked immunosorben method. Also, color Doppler ultrasound of umbilical artery was performed. Mean maternal and fetal leptin levels were lower in the FGR group compared to the normal group (36.58±(20.99) and 7.42 ±(4.08)vs. 47.32±(22.50) and 30.49±(14.50) respectively). Also, mean fetal leptin level was lower in the group with abnormal color Doppler sonographic indices compared to the normal group (7. 40 ±(4.10)vs 27.06±(15.80), respectively). This study indicated that maternal and fetal leptin levels are correlated with FGR originating from damaged placental function; also fetal leptin level can indicate changes in color Doppler sonographic indices.
Highlights
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition with heterogeneous pathophysiology which characterized by weight less than the tenth percentile for gestational age [1]
The maternal serum and fetal leptin levels were compared between these two groups
Color Doppler indices was considered as abnormal when: increased Resistive Index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI) of umbilical artery or the umbilical artery systolic-diastolic (S/D) ratio was above the 95th percentile for gestational age
Summary
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition with heterogeneous pathophysiology which characterized by weight less than the tenth percentile for gestational age [1]. Following these early changes in fetal with growth restriction, if it being continuous, umbilical artery diastolic blood flow will be change This changes will be seen in late and progressive FGR [4]. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of leptin in the cord, and serum leptin of mothers abnormal color Doppler indices of umbilical artery with fetal growth restriction. Results: Mean maternal and fetal leptin levels were lower in the FGR group compared to the normal group (36.58±(20.99) and 7.42 ±(4.08)vs 47.32±(22.50) and 30.49±(14.50) respectively). Mean fetal leptin level was lower in the group with abnormal color Doppler sonographic indices compared to the normal group Conclusion: This study indicated that maternal and fetal leptin levels are correlated with FGR originating from damaged placental function; fetal leptin level can indicate changes in color Doppler sonographic indices
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