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Abstract
BackgroundMacrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) is a key inducer of cancer-related anorexia and weight loss. However, its possible role in the etiopathogenesis of nutritional disorders of other etiology such as anorexia nervosa (AN) is currently unknown.MethodsWe measured fasting serum concentrations of MIC-1 in patients with AN before and after 2-month nutritional treatment and explored its relationship with nutritional status, metabolic and biochemical parameters. Sixteen previously untreated women with AN and twenty-five normal-weight age-matched control women participated in the study. We measured serum concentrations of MIC-1 and leptin by ELISA, free fatty acids by enzymatic colorimetric assay, and biochemical parameters by standard laboratory methods; determined resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry; and assessed bone mineral density and body fat content by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. ANOVA, unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney test were used for groups comparison as appropriate. The comparisons of serum MIC-1 levels and other studied parameters in patients with AN before and after partial realimentation were assessed by paired t-test or Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test as appropriate.ResultsAt baseline, fasting serum MIC-1 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with AN relative to controls. Partial realimentation significantly reduced serum MIC-1 concentrations in patients with AN but it still remained significantly higher compared to control group. In AN group, serum MIC-1 was inversely related to Buzby nutritional risk index, serum insulin-like growth factor-1, serum glucose, serum total protein, serum albumin, and lumbar bone mineral density and it significantly positively correlated with the duration of AN and age.ConclusionsMIC-1 concentrations in AN patients are significantly higher relative to healthy women. Partial realimentation significantly decreased MIC-1 concentration in AN group. Clinical significance of these findings needs to be further clarified.
Highlights
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) is a key inducer of cancer-related anorexia and weight loss
Significant amounts of MIC-1 are released into the circulation [14,18,19] suggesting that it can act as an endocrine factor [20]
We studied the effect of partial realimentation of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) on serum MIC-1 concentrations and its relationship to above described clinical characteristics
Summary
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) is a key inducer of cancer-related anorexia and weight loss. Its possible role in the etiopathogenesis of nutritional disorders of other etiology such as anorexia nervosa (AN) is currently unknown. Anorexia Nervosa (AN) represents a bordering example of psychosomatic-based malnutrition induced by chronically decreased food intake caused by inappropriate fear of obesity and distorted body image [1,2,3,4]. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily [14]. It is strongly expressed in activated macrophages (14), adipocytes [15], placenta and prostate, and to lesser extent in the liver, kidney and brain [16,17]. Significant amounts of MIC-1 are released into the circulation [14,18,19] suggesting that it can act as an endocrine factor [20]
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