Association of limb morphometric and biokinetic anatomical changes with quality of life in lymphedema patients undergoing physiotherapy: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: Lymphedema is a common complication of patients receiving cancer treatment. It has serious effects on mobility, self-care, functionality and quality of life. The purpose of this review was to show the effect of lymphedema on the morphometric and biokinematic characteristics of the limb and the quality of life of the patients. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PRISMA statement. The search included studies from online databases, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, which were published from 2000 to 2022. Studies assessed outcome variables such as range of motion, strength, sensation, body composition, quality of life. The screening process resulted in a total of 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results: Of the 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria, seventeen referred to upper extremity lymphoedema and six referred to lower extremity lymphoedema. There was a variety of methods for identifying lymphedema between studies. Studies have shown reduced grip strength, range of motion, sensory perception, changes in body composition have been observed with fat tissue being increased compared to muscle tissue. The majority of studies reported reduced patient quality of life. The areas most affected were body image, role, mental health and sociability. Conclusions: Findings indicate that lymphedema has a high incidence among people treated for cancer, and has a significant impact on patients functionality and quality of life.