Association of Leu72Met Polymorphism of GHRL Gene and Gln223Arg of LEPR Gene With Hunger, Satiety, Biochemical, and Anthropometric Variables in Adults From Western Mexico

Abstract

ObjectivesTo determine the association of Leu72Met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of GHRL gene and Gln223Arg SNP of LEPR gene with hunger, satiety, biochemical, and anthropometric variables in adults from Western Mexico. MethodsQuasi-experimental study design with 132 participants of which 109 were women. Inclusion criteria were age 18–25 years old, BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, 10 hours of fasting, and have the habit of eating breakfast. Exclusion criteria were subjects with a diagnosed disease, vegetarians or vegans, use of drugs that alter appetite or for weight loss, food allergies, elite athletes. Subjects were summoned twice. In the first one, medical history and anthropometric measurements were realized. A week later vital signs were taken, and blood sampling was obtained in fasting and at 120′ post breakfast. Anthropometrics and biochemical measurements were done with the InBody 370 and Vitros 350 analyzer, respectively. SNP’s were analyzed using the TaqMan® allelic discrimination assay in a real-time PCR thermocycler. Five visual analog scales to assess hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to eat, and prospective consumption were applied in fasting, after breakfast, and at 30′, 60′, 90′, and 120′ post-ingestion. Breakfast had an energy content of 526.5 kcal (36% lipids, 43% carbohydrates, and 21% protein). All variables were analyzed among genotypes considering the dominant model. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Normality distribution was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Student T-test was applied for related (intra) or independent (inter) groups, respectively. ResultsBMI of participants was 22.0 ± 2.0 kg/m2 with a mean age of 20.6 ± 2.0 years. At 60′ post-ingestion hunger was lower and at 120′ glucose levels were lower in Leu72Leu carriers than in Leu72Met/Met72Met carriers. In fasting, total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, and desire to eat were higher in subjects with Gln223Gln genotype than in Gln223Arg/Arg223Arg genotype carriers. ConclusionsThe GHRL SNP was associated with higher hunger and glucose in the postprandial state; contrary, the LEPR SNP was associated with lower lipids levels and less desire to eat in fasting. Genetic variants could be involved with hunger, satiety, and metabolism biomarkers. Funding Sources“PROINPEP” and “PRO-SNI” from University of Guadalajara.