Association of Immunostaining of Galectin-3 and Sambucus nigra Agglutinin with Invasion, Metastasis and Poor Progression of Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

To study the expression of galectin-3 (gal-3) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) binding site and to detect their clinicopathological significances in the benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder. We used immunohistochemistry to detect gal-3 expression and ABC affinity-cytochemistry to detect SNA binding site in specimens of adenocarcinoma, peritumoral tissues, polyp and chronic cholecystitis. The positive expression rates of gal-3 and SNA binding site were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma (62.0%, 66.7%) than those in peritumoral tissues (39.1%, 45.6%), polyp (26.7%, 33.3%) and chronic cholecystitis (11.4%, 11.4%) (p<0.05). A high consistency was found between the levels of expression of gal-3 expression and SNA binding site in adenocarcinoma (χ²=9.51, p<0.01). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that increased expression of gal-3 (p=0.028) or SNA binding site (p=0.030) was associated with decreased overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that increased expression of gal-3 (p=0.012) or SNA binding site (p=0.030) was an independent prognostic predictor in gallbladder adenocarcinoma. These results suggest that expression of gal-3 and SNA binding site might have important effects on the carcinogenesis, progression and biological behaviors of gallbladder cancer.