Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic inflammatory process resulting from the relationship of the immune response with the components in dental plaque. Cytokines and their genetic polymorphisms seem to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of IL16 polymorphism with PD. A case-control study was conducted in a sample of individuals from southern Brazil. The genotyping of IL16, rs11556218 T>G, rs4072111 C>T e rs4778889 T>C, was performed using the PCR-RFLP methodology. The serum level of IL-16 was determined using an IL-16 ELISA kit for humans. SNPStats and OpenEpi software and Wilcoxon's U test were used to perform statistical analysis. IL16 rs11556218 polymorphism was significantly associated to PD in nonsmoking patients: individuals with G/G genotype were less likely to develop PD compared to the T/T genotype (OR = 0.10; Pc = 0.019, codominant model). In addition, the TTT haplotype was associated with a high risk for PD (OR = 2.45; P = 0.01). A low IL-16 serum level was observed among individuals with PD when compared to controls (P = 0.027). Thus, the IL16 rs16556218 polymorphism and the serum levels of IL-16 were associated with periodontitis in a Brazilian sample, and this was influenced by environmental factors such as smoking.
Highlights
Periodontal disease is a complex and multifactorial disease characterized by the aggression of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone [1]
The distribution of genotype frequencies for all studied polymorphisms in the control groups is in accordance with the expected for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
It is not yet clear what effect the IL16 polymorphism has on the development of PD, it is possible that it’s related to less tissue aggression and maintenance of bone homeostasis: the structural modification of IL-16 would compromise its function in chemotaxis on CD4+ cells and the production of inflammatory cytokines by these cells which would lead to a modulation of the immune response in the oral microenvironment
Summary
Periodontal disease is a complex and multifactorial disease characterized by the aggression of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone [1]. This disease has a high prevalence that varies widely between countries and has an estimated average of 10.8% worldwide; it affects 743 million people and is considered the sixth most prevalent health condition in the world [2]. IL16 polymorphisms in periodontitis in Brazilians had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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