Association of hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes in patients attending tertiary care hospital of Pune City

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by hyperglycemia. Hypothyroidism is a pathological state resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormone. Both hypothyroidism and DM affect the cellular metabolism in an adverse way. It is of paramount importance to detect the interplay between these two conditions. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the serum T3, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of type 2 DM patients and to correlate the association of hypothyroidism and type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional observational study. The study population consists of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Data of HbA1c levels and serum T3, T4, and TSH levels were collected and values were correlated in percentages. Results: Hypothyroidism was detected in 11 patients of 100 type 2 diabetic patients. In the age group of 60 years of age, 36% of patients were hypothyroid. Of 50 male diabetics, three were hypothyroid, and in a group of 50 females, eight were hypothyroid. In poorly controlled diabetic patients, eight had subclinical hypothyroidism, and in controlled diabetic patients, one patient had overt hypothyroidism and two had subclinical hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism, particularly subclinical variety, is seen in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, routine screening is advised.