Association of Hypertension with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Population from Less-Developed Areas of Multiethnic Northwest China

Abstract

Background: Relationship between hypertension and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains undetermined in population from less-developed regions. We aimed to explore whether hypertension is associated with MCI in this specific population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled subjects aged ≥18 years using multistage random sampling from Emin, China, in 2019. Participants underwent questionnaires and data collection including mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and blood pressure measurement. Results: Finally, 31,329 subjects were included, with 11,270 hypertensives. Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensives were characterized by significantly older age (55.19 ± 12.25 vs. 43.26 ± 12.71), more men (52.5% vs. 42.9%), low education attainment (≤primary education: 42.4% vs. 26.3%), more abdominal obesity (39.7% vs. 19.1%), poor sleep quality (39.1% vs. 28.7%), and chronic kidney disease (6.6% vs. 3.4%, p for all <0.001). Prevalence of MCI in hypertensives was significantly higher than that of normotensive subjects (24.3% vs. 15.6%, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed in a fully adjusted model that the odds for MCI were significantly increased in hypertensives than in normotensive population (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.30, p < 0.001) and independent of all the parameters studied including age, education level, and stroke. In the age-stratified regression model, presence of hypertension significantly increased the odds of MCI by 1.17-fold (95% CI: 1.03, 1.33, p = 0.020) and by 1.22-fold (95% CI: 1.04, 1.44, p = 0.016) in middle-aged and elderly population. Sensitivity analysis of excluding those with stroke history showed that hypertension was still a risk factor for MCI in total, middle-aged, and elderly population. Conclusion: Hypertension is in independent negative association with MCI in middle-aged and elderly population from underdeveloped regions.