Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension, diabetes and obesity are one of the top risk factors for cardiovascular complications in the world. Indians have high burden of obesity compared to western population. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are major non communicable diseases and it is important to examine modifiable risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity , tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defines as presence of type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance with any two of the following characteristics: obesity, low levels of high-density lipoprotein, high levels of triglycerides and hypertension by World Health Organization (WHO).
 Materials and Methods: 1485 samples were selected from the patients attending OPD of General Medicine Department of D.Y. Patil University School of Medicine, Mumbai. They were assessed for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) measurement. Hypertension was defined according to the guidelines given in Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Abdominal obesity is defined as an abdominal circumference > 102cm in males and >88cm in females for NCEP criteria and > 90cm in males and > 80cm in females for IDF criteria for South Asians. Blood glucose concentration was measured, the diagnosis of diabetes was defines by either casual plasma glucose ≥ 200mg/dl associated with symptoms of diabetes and on fasting samples- plasma glucose ≥ 126mg/dl.
 Results: Among all 1485 patients, 764(51.44%) were males and 721(48.56%) were females. It was observed that 32(21.6%) cases were obese, hypertension was observed in 289(19.5%) cases and diabetes in 168(11.3%). Among 289 hypertensive subjects, 214(74%) were obese and 75(36%) were non-obese. Out of 168 diabetic cases 96(57.1%) cases were obese and 72(42.9%) were non-obese. A statistically significant association was observed between diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Conclusion: There is significant association between obesity, hypertension and diabetes. BMI can provide useful information to classify the presence of hypertension and diabetes in population.
 Keywords: Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes, BMI.
Highlights
Hypertension, diabetes and obesity are one of the top risk factors for cardiovascular complications in the world
It was observed that 32(21.6%) cases were obese, hypertension was observed in 289(19.5%) cases and diabetes in 168(11.3%)
A statistically significant association was observed between diabetes, hypertension and obesity
Summary
Hypertension, diabetes and obesity are one of the top risk factors for cardiovascular complications in the world. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defines as presence of type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance with any two of the following characteristics: obesity, low levels of high-density lipoprotein, high levels of triglycerides and hypertension by World Health Organization (WHO). There will be 67% rise in the prevalence of diabetes in developing countries like India from 2010 to 2030.iii In India, reports suggest that age-adjusted prevalence of obesity has doubled in men and has increased 3 folds in women from 1970 to 1990.iv It has been suggested that increased consumption of fast food and limited or less physical activity have contributed to an increased prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities.v. In India, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the major non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and it is important to examine the role of modifiable risk factors resulting in NCDs such as obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco use and alcohol consumption. People with MS are 3-10 times more susceptible for developing cardiovascular disease with a high risk of morbidity and mortality.ix,x
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