Association of Hospitalization Rate, Mortality, and CD4 T Cell Count with Comorbidity of COVID-19 and HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Abstract

Epidemiological data demonstrate the greater severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV patients along with the more hospitalization, and mortality rates. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to assess the possible differences in hospitalization, mortality, and the CD4 T cell counts between COVID-19/HIV co-infected patients and the control group. The relevant studies were obtained from online databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using Mesh and Non-Mesh keywords and the meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist. Then, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) checklist was used to assess the quality of selected studies. According to the random effect models, the odds ratios of hospitalization, mortality, and CD4 T cell counts were estimated. The odds ratios of hospitalization and mortality rates in COVID-19 patients with HIV were 1.67 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 3.71) and 0.80 (CI: 0.57 to 1.11), respectively, compared to that of the COVID-19 group. In this meta-analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the rates of hospitalization, mortality, and CD4 T cell counts between COVID-19 patients with HIV and the control group. The similarity between the studied groups could be attributed to factors such as the rarity of COVID-19/HIV co-infection patients and the presence of random error, administration of antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients, and early hospitalization time in COVID-19/HIV co-infected patients.