Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of both alcohol consumption and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean men. Methods: A cohort of 364 men included in this study was divided into four groups according to the amount of alcohol they consumed: the nondrinkers (ND), low moderate drinkers (LM, ≤7 standard drinks per week), high moderate drinkers (HM, 7 to 14 drinks per week), and heavy drinkers (HD, >14 drinks per week). Logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for age, exercise, and smoking. Results: The risk of MetS in the LM group with a high hsCRP level (1.0 or more mg/dL) was not significant. However, the risks of MetS were significantly higher in the HM and HD groups with high hsCRP levels than that in the ND group. The odds ratios of MetS in the HM and HD groups with high hsCRP levels were 3.44 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25–9.52) and 3.14 (95% CI, 1.07–9.23), respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that the risk of MetS is higher in men who consume more than seven drinks a week with high hsCRP levels than that in nondrinkers.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease [1,2]
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of both alcohol consumption and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) on metabolic syndrome
Studies on the induction of metabolic syndrome by alcohol consumption showed diverse results, which were attributable to different criteria for alcohol consumption, the degree of severe alcohol-use disorder, type of alcohol consumption for each patient, and genetic factors for alcohol metabolism depending on the study
Summary
Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease [1,2]. Studies on the association between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome showed highly diverse results. Alcohol consumption is one of the factors that affect metabolic syndrome. Most studies assessing the association between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome showed positive association between heavy drinking and metabolic syndrome [3–6]. The association between metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption was shown to be diverse in case of moderate drinking [5–7]. The hsCRP level increases in patients with cardiovascular diseases [9]. In 2019, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease suggested the hsCRP level as a risk enhancer of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [9]
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