Association of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms with risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background This study determined to evaluate the association between glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms, namely, GSTM1 (rs1183423000, presence/absence), GSTT1 (rs1601993659, presence/absence), and GSTP1 Ile105Val (rs1695, A>G) polymorphisms, and AMD risk. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to June 2021. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used as effect sizes. Heterogeneity was assessed using the heterogeneity metric I2. Results Five relevant studies involving 875 patients with AMD and 966 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis, four studies concerning GSTM1 null polymorphism, four studies regarding GSTT1 null polymorphism, and four studies on GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism. The GSTM1 null polymorphism, GSTT1 null polymorphism and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism were not significantly associated with AMD risk (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.73–1.75, p = 0.59; OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.81–1.36, p = 0.69; OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.97–1.47, p = 0.09, respectively). There was no association between the combined GSTM1 null genotype and GSTT1 null genotype and AMD risk (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.42–3.17, p = 0.77). Subgroup analyses revealed that the GSTM1 null genotype was associated with an increased risk of AMD in the Turkish population (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.13–2.47, p = 0.01) and the GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a decreased incidence of non-exudative AMD (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–0.99, p = 0.01). There was no obvious risk of publication bias found. Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant associations between GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms and AMD risk.