Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the association of Ghrelin gene polymorphisms and expression levels with some biochemical traits of broiler chickens. Two hundred broiler chicks Ross308, one-day old were wing-tagged and reared under optimal conditions. Blood samples were collected individually from all birds on 21 and 35 days of age. Proventriculus was collected at 35 days of age from thirty birds of each of groups sorted according to growth rate for high, moderate and low to measure ghrelin gene expression by real-time RT-PCR. The serum traits of glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins LDL, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were not influenced by ghrelin gene polymorphisms. While significant (P < 0.01) differences were recorded among the three chicken groups with high, moderate and low ghrelin expression in serum glucose, uric acid, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, AST, ALT and ALP concentrations at 21 and 35 days of age which increased with increasing ghrelin gene expression. The PCR- RFLP technique revealed no significant differences between GG and LL genotypes of ghrelin gene in all biochemical traits at 21 and 35 days of age, whereas ghrelin gene expression had a significant effect on serum glucose, uric acid, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, AST,ALT and ALP.
Highlights
Ghrelin has passed seventeen years since its discovery in rats
The first signal that has inhibitory effect or orexigenic effect is produced by activation the axon terminals of neuropeptide Y (NPY), Gamma Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Agouti-related peptide (AGRP) by activation growth hormone Secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) distributed on terminals of axon (7, 24, 30)
NPY is considered the major neurotransmitter with orexigenic effect on food intake in avian species, NPY inhibits the activity of Proopiomelanococortin (POMC) and Cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) through inhibitory action of GABA in the postsynaptic of Y1 and Y5 receptors that blocks nerve impulses (12, 28), while releasing AGPR neurons leads to blocks of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) which is defined as specific receptor for Ξ±-melanocyte stimulating hormone (Ξ±-MSH)
Summary
Ghrelin has passed seventeen years since its discovery in rats. At the present time, thousands studies were conducted in mammal and non-mammal animals to identify properties of ghrelin in most animal species. Broiler chickens are considered as a favorable animal for eperiments (2 ,13) defined ghrelin as the first endogenous ligand of the growth hormone Secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) that stimulates GH release. The first signal that has inhibitory effect or orexigenic effect is produced by activation the axon terminals of neuropeptide Y (NPY), Gamma Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Agouti-related peptide (AGRP) by activation GHS-R distributed on terminals of axon (7 , 24 , 30). NPY is considered the major neurotransmitter with orexigenic effect on food intake in avian species, NPY inhibits the activity of Proopiomelanococortin (POMC) and Cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) through inhibitory action of GABA in the postsynaptic of Y1 and Y5 receptors that blocks nerve impulses (12 , 28), while releasing AGPR neurons leads to blocks of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) which is defined as specific receptor for Ξ±-melanocyte stimulating hormone (Ξ±-MSH). There was a shortage in studies concerning ghrelin gene polymorphisms and expression in modern commercial strains and its association with some biochemical traits, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between ghrelin gene expression and each growth rate level with some biochemical traits in broiler chickens type Ross 308
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