Association of GFR, Fiber-Rich Regimen and Metabolic Syndrome With Elevated C-Reactive Protein Levels: Results of a Multicenter National Survey

Abstract

The present study investigates the association of cardiovascular risk factors such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), fiber-rich regimen, and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. We designed a cross-sectional study based on data of the third National Survey of non-communicable diseases (SuRFNCD-2007); among 2125, Iranian adults (1168 women) aged 25-64 years. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were collected. Biochemical assessments, were determined on venous blood samples. Quantitative highly sensitive CRP was measured via enzyme-linked immunoassay. Elevated CRP was defined as values above 3 mg/l. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the ATP III (Adult Treatment Panel III report, 2005). GFR was calculated with the MDRD formula. Multivariable logistic regression accompanied by complex sample survey analysis, including stratified weighting, were recruited. The fiber-rich regimen was determined by the daily consumption of more than five units of vegetables or fruits. Mean age of the population was 39.4±4.5 years. Adjusted odds ratios for prediction of high CRP pertaining to High LDL, Low Physical activity, BUN, MetS ATP III, Declined GFR (per 30 units reduction), optimal Fiber intake, and Current Smoking were calculated. Corresponding values with 95 % CI were 1.36 (1.04-1.85), 1.31(1.11-4.20), 1.04(1.04-1.12), 1.47 (1.04-2.09), 1.22 (1.11-3.36), 0.84 (0.87-1.48), 1.74 (0.39-1.38), respectively. We figured out that MetS, declined GFR in early stages of CKD, and low physical activity were related to high inflammatory state, while fiber-rich regimen decreased the likelihood of high CRP in smokers.