Association of genetic polymorphism of PPARγ-2, ACE, MTHFR, FABP-2 and FTO genes in risk prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Shania Abbas,Farzana Mahdi,Absar Ahmad,Syed Tasleem Raza,Faisal Ahmed,Saliha Rizvi

doi:10.1186/1423-0127-20-80

Shania Abbas, Farzana Mahdi + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/1423-0127-20-80

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a non-autoimmune, complex, heterogeneous and polygenic metabolic disease condition characterized by persistent elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). India as said to be the diabetic capital of the world is likely to experience the largest increase in T2DM and a greater number of diabetic individuals in the world by the year 2030. Identification of specific genetic variations in a particular ethnic group has a critical role in understanding the risk of developing T2DM in a much efficient way in future. These genetic variations include numerous types of polymorphisms among which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is the most frequent. SNPs are basically located within the regulatory elements of several gene sequences. There are scores of genes interacting with various environmental factors affecting various pathways and sometimes even the whole signalling network that cause diseases like T2DM. This review discusses the biomarkers for early risk prediction of T2DM. Such predictions could be used in order to understand the pathogenesis of T2DM and to better diagnostics, treatment, and eventually prevention.

Highlights

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a non-autoimmune, complex, heterogeneous and polygenic metabolic disease condition characterized by persistent elevated blood glucose levels
Identification and characterization of the gene variants among a particular ethnic group that play a significant role in T2DM, is one of the most important areas of diabetes research because it will influence all efforts toward a mechanistic understanding of the disease complications, treatment, cure and prevention
Candidate genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus Numerous reports have been published on the genetics of T2DM with most recent ones showcasing the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)’s in various genes corresponding to risk prediction of T2DM such as, gene variants of Peroxisome ProliferatorActivated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) [4,5,6], Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) [7,8,9], Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) [10,11,12,13,14], Fatty Acid Binding Protein-2 (FABP2) [15,16,17,18,19] and Fat Mass and Obesity associated gene (FTO) [20,21]

Summary

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a non-autoimmune, complex, heterogeneous and polygenic metabolic disease condition characterized by persistent elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Identification and characterization of the gene variants among a particular ethnic group that play a significant role in T2DM, is one of the most important areas of diabetes research because it will influence all efforts toward a mechanistic understanding of the disease complications, treatment, cure and prevention.

Results

Conclusion