Association of general and abdominal adiposity with postural changes in systolic blood pressure: results from the NAKO pretest and MetScan studies

Abstract

The association between anthropometric measurements and postural changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) has not been frequently reported. This study aimed to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with postural changes in SBP in two German cross-sectional studies. Data were derived from 506 participants of the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) pretest and from 511 participants of the convenience sample-based MetScan studies. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association between BMI and WC with the difference between standing and sitting SBP (dSBP). Odds ratios (ORs) for an increase (dSBP > 10 mmHg) or decrease (dSBP ≤ −10 mmHg) in dSBP were calculated using logistic regression. The results were pooled by meta-analysis using an inverse variance model. In pooled analysis, a 5 kg/m2 higher BMI was associated with a 1.46 mmHg (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.94) higher dSBP, while a 5 cm higher WC was associated with a 0.51 mmHg (95% CI 0.32–0.69) higher dSBP. BMI or WC were associated with a higher odds of an increase in dSBP (adjusted OR, 1.71; 95% CI 1.36–2.14 per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI and 1.22; 95% CI 1.05–1.40 per 5 cm higher WC) but with a reduced odds of a decline in dSBP (adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI 0.44–1.00 per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI and 0.84; 95% CI 0.72–0.99 per 5 cm higher WC). The associations between WC and dSBP were no longer statistically significant after BMI adjustments. In conclusion, higher BMI and higher WC were associated with higher postural increases in SBP; however, WC was not related to postural changes in SBP once adjusted for BMI.