Association of fresh vegetable and salt-preserved vegetable consumptions with estimated glomerular filtration rate

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of fresh and salt-preserved vegetables and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which requires further research.MethodsFor this purpose, the data of those subjects who participated in the 2011–2012 and 2014 surveys of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and had biomarker data were selected. Fresh and salt-preserved vegetable consumptions were assessed at each wave. eGFR was assessed using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation based on plasma creatinine. Furthermore, a linear mixed model was used to evaluate associations between fresh/salt-preserved vegetables and eGFR.ResultsThe results indicated that the median baseline and follow-up eGFRs were 72.47 mL/min/1.73 m² and 70.26 mL/min/1.73 m², respectively. After applying adjusted linear mixed model analysis to the data, the results revealed that compared to almost daily intake, occasional consumption of fresh vegetables was associated with a lower eGFR (β=-2.23, 95% CI: -4.23, -0.23). Moreover, rare or no consumption of salt-preserved vegetables was associated with a higher eGFR (β = 1.87, 95% CI: 0.12, 3.63) compared to individuals who consumed salt-preserved vegetables daily.ConclusionFresh vegetable consumption was direct, whereas intake of salt-preserved vegetables was inversely associated with eGFR among the oldest subjects, supporting the potential benefits of diet-rich fresh vegetables for improving eGFR.