Abstract
One of the micronutrients that has attracted the most attention in relation to COVID-19 is vitamin D. Although several factors affect its sufficiency; it has been argued that an optimal diet can ensure the intake of micronutrients with effects on immune response. Therefore, in this work we aimed to evaluate the food intake quality of SARS-CoV-2 positive Mexican patients and some of the common factors related to vitamin D deficiency. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 40 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Serum samples and clinical parameters were collected. Micronutrient intake and food intake quality were assessed with a 24-h dietary recall and the Mini-ECCA v.2, respectively. Thirty-eight percent of the sample had a healthy food intake. The median 25(OH)D concentration was 22.7 ng/mL. A considerable insufficient intake of micronutrients with immunomodulatory effects such as vitamin D (p < 0.0001), vitamin E (p < 0.0001), and zinc (p < 0.0001) was shown. Patients with 25(OH)D sufficiency, defined as a concentration >30 ng/mL, had better food intake quality (p = 0.02) and an intense physical activity (p = 0.03). In conclusion, a better level of food intake quality and intense physical activity are associated with 25(OH)D sufficiency in SARS-CoV-2 positive Mexican patients.
Highlights
The novel coronavirus identified, as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to infect thousands of people daily worldwide [1,2]
Based on the importance of a healthy diet in the immune system and that containment measures may have increased the insufficient intake of micronutrients, in this work, we aimed to evaluate the food intake quality in SARS-CoV-2 positive Mexican patients
We describe micronutrient intakes, some of which are significantly lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Mexicans
Summary
The novel coronavirus identified, as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to infect thousands of people daily worldwide [1,2]. Genetic and environmental factors such as obesity, male gender, older age, black ethnicity, urban residence, and chronic kidney disease, among others, are associated with SARS-CoV-2 predisposition [3]. Likewise, some of these factors have been associated with the severe prognosis of this disease [4]. It has been stated that a healthy diet is necessary for the proper functioning of the immune response, since, through a balanced and varied diet, the recommended intake of micronutrients with effects on the immune system can be obtained [6].
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