Association of Fluoride Exposure and Bone Mineral Density: A Comparison of Area With Individual

Abstract

PP-29-080 Background/Aims: Although the benefit of fluoridation in the prevention of dental caries has been overwhelmingly substantiated, the effect of fluoride on bone mineral density (BMD) is less clear. This cross-sectional study was designed to compare BMD of adults exposed to fluoride from various source in environment by individual level. Methods: Participants recruited from 2 Korean cities, Siwha with naturally occurring fluoride in its water system and Ansan with fluoridated water system since 2001. They participated voluntarily with a written informed consent. All subjects took part in BMD examination. BMD was measured by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at left heel of the subject. To obtain individual fluoride exposure, serum (n = 565), 24 hours urine (n = 99), fingernail (n = 70), and toenail (n = 70) were collected. The measurement of fluoride concentration in serum, 24 hours urine, fingernail, and toenail were made by fluoride ion electrode (Orion Research EA940). Linear regression analysis was performed. Outcome variable was BMD, and explanatory variables were fluoride concentration in serum, 24 hours urine, fingernail, and toenail. Confounders were age, gender, residential area, and monthly household income. Results: BMD showed no relationship with fluoride level in serum, 24-hour urine, fingernail, and toenail. BMD has a tendency of decreasing as the toenail fluoride level increased (P = 0.082). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, exposure to fluoride appears to have no impact on bone mineral density. However, the relationship of fluoride exposure with bone mineral density by individual and area level requires further investigation.