Abstract
Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the relationship between dyslipidemia with renal outcomes in patients with moderate to advanced CKD remains controversial. Hence, our objective is to determine whether dyslipidemia is independently associated with rapid renal progression and progression to renal replacement therapy (RRT) in CKD patients. The study analyzed the association between lipid profile, RRT, and rapid renal progression (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] slope <−6 ml/min/1.73 m2/yr) in 3303 patients with stages 3 to 5 CKD. During a median 2.8-year follow-up, 1080 (32.3%) participants commenced RRT and 841 (25.5%) had rapid renal progression. In the adjusted models, the lowest quintile (hazard ratios [HR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.49) and the highest two quintiles of total cholesterol (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.52 and HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.65 respectively) increased risks for RRT (vs. quintile 2). Besides, the highest quintile of total cholesterol was independently associated with rapid renal progression (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.83). Our study demonstrated that certain levels of dyslipidemia were independently associated with RRT and rapid renal progression in CKD stage 3–5. Assessment of lipid profile may help identify high risk groups with adverse renal outcomes.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in profound dysregulation of several key enzymes and metabolic pathways that eventually contributes to disordered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins [1]
Among human studies relating dyslipidemia to renal outcome, one study found that higher total cholesterol, higher non-HDL-cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing renal dysfunction in healthy men [10]; one study suggested a weak association in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) [11]; another study disclaimed this association in non-diabetic patients with stage 3 to 4 CKD [12]
We evaluated the association of dyslipidemia and renal outcomes in patients with CKD stages 3–5
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in profound dysregulation of several key enzymes and metabolic pathways that eventually contributes to disordered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins [1]. Among human studies relating dyslipidemia to renal outcome, one study found that higher total cholesterol, higher non-HDL-cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing renal dysfunction in healthy men [10]; one study suggested a weak association in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) [11]; another study disclaimed this association in non-diabetic patients with stage 3 to 4 CKD [12] Data concerning this effect on kidney disease progression in patients with mild to moderate kidney failure are conflicting [10,11,12].
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