Abstract
Abnormal serum lipid profiles are associated with the risk of some cancers, but the direction and magnitude of the association with renal cell carcinoma is unclear. We explore the relationship between serum lipids and renal cell carcinoma via a matched case-control study. A 1∶2-matched case-control study design was applied, where one renal cell carcinoma patient was matched to two non-renal-cell-carcinoma residents with respect to age (±0 year) and gender. Cases (n = 248) were inpatients with a primary diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, confirmed by pathology after operations. Controls were sampled from a community survey database matched on age and gender with cases, 2 controls for each case. Stratified Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to obtain hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of lipids level and dyslipidemia for the risk of renal cell carcinoma. Elevated serum cholesterol (p<0.001), LDL cholesterol (p<0.001), and HDL cholesterol (p = 0.003) are associated with decreased hazard of renal cell carcinoma, adjusting for obesity, smoke, hypertension and diabetes. However, risk caused by hTG showed no statistical significance (p = 0.263). This study indicates that abnormal lipid profile influences the risk of renal cell carcinoma.
Highlights
Kidney cancer is a relatively rare disease in human, accounting for about 2% of all cancers worldwide
A study conducted in US veterans found that patients who were being treated with statins for control of dyslipidemia appeared to have a significantly reduced risk of kidney cancer, while serum triglyceride concentrations showed positive association with renal cancer in men [13]
After the matched dataset was generated, stratified Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed on the matched pairs to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of lipid levels and dyslipidemia for the risk of renal cell carcinoma
Summary
Kidney cancer is a relatively rare disease in human, accounting for about 2% of all cancers worldwide. A history of diabetes mellitus is reported to link with renal cell carcinoma in several cohort studies, a role independent from that of obesity or hypertension has not been demonstrated conclusively [9,10,11,12] Subjects with these conditions have abnormal serum lipid metabolism. A study conducted in US veterans found that patients who were being treated with statins for control of dyslipidemia appeared to have a significantly reduced risk of kidney cancer, while serum triglyceride concentrations showed positive association with renal cancer in men [13]. Relationships between serum lipid concentration or dyslipidemia and renal cell carcinoma have not been established yet We conducted this 1:2 matched case-control study to determine whether a direct association exists between dyslipidemia and renal cell carcinoma, after adjusting for wellrecognized life-style risk factors such as obesity, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes
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