Abstract
Antioxidant intake has been suggested to be associated with a reduced osteoporosis risk, but the effect of dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) on bone health and the risk of osteoporosis remains unclear. We aimed to assess the hypothesis that dietary TAC is positively associated with bone mass and negatively related to the risk of osteoporosis in Korean women. This cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary TAC was estimated using task automation and an algorithm with 24-h recall data. In total, 8230 pre- and postmenopausal women were divided into four groups according to quartiles of dietary TAC. Dietary TAC was negatively associated with the risk of osteoporosis (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.99; p-value = 0.045) in postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women. Dietary TAC was positively associated with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density of the femoral neck and lumbar spine in postmenopausal women and BMC of the total femur and lumbar spine in premenopausal women. Our study suggests that dietary TAC is inversely associated with the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and positively associated with bone mass in both pre- and postmenopausal women.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is characterized by impairments in bone strength, elevating the risk of skeletal fractures, and is a major public health concern [1]
The present study showed that dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was positively associated with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and inversely associated with the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
The present study showed that dietary TAC was positively associated with the BMC of the lumbar spine and total femur in premenopausal women
Summary
Osteoporosis is characterized by impairments in bone strength, elevating the risk of skeletal fractures, and is a major public health concern [1]. Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2011, the prevalence of osteoporosis in Korea was reported to be 17.2% in adult women and 38% in postmenopausal women (≥50 years old), indicating that menopause is an important risk factor [2]. A recent study demonstrated that the intake of fruits and vegetables containing abundant antioxidants was associated with reduced bone mass loss and a reduced risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women [5]. Epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between bone mineral density (BMD) and the intake of single antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and flavonoids in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women [6,7,8,9,10,11], the beneficial effects of antioxidant intake on bone health have been controversial. The consumption of vitamin C has been found to be positively correlated with the risk of osteoporosis in several studies [12,13,14], but not in others [15,16]
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