Association of dietary patterns and diabetes risk level among adult residents in Datong city of Shanxi Province

Abstract

Objective: To explore the association of dietary pattern and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Methods: In 2013, 3 747 participants from 87 coalmine branches of a large coal mine group in Datong City, Shanxi Province were selected by using a two-stage cluster stratified sampling method. Data on demographic characteristics, smoking, drinking, and family history of diabetes were collected by using a self-made questionnaire, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess the level of physical activity. Physical, glucose and lipid metabolism indicators were measured and subjects were divided into high-risk groups and low-risk groups of T2DM according to the T2DM risk score. Dietary data were collected by using Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and dietary patterns were derived by using the exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis. The unconditional logistic regression model was used to assess the association of dietary patterns and T2DM risk. Results: The age of the subjects was(41.48±8.62) years old, and 2 843 of them were males (84.31%). A total of 1 819 subjects were in the high-risk group and 1 553 in the low-risk group. Four dietary patterns, healthy diet, high-salt diet, meats diet, and carbohydrate-rich diet, were identified in this study. The unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the healthy diet pattern, after the adjustment of demographic characteristics, smoking, and drinking, the OR (95%CI) of T2DM risk in high-salt diet, carbohydrate-rich diet and meats diet patterns was 1.54 (1.26-1.88), 1.80 (1.43-2.28) and 1.20 (0.99-1.46), respectively. Conclusion: High-salt diet and carbohydrate-rich diet were positively associated with T2DM risk, whereas there was no association of meats diet and T2DM risk.