Association of Dietary Pattern, Lifestyle and Chronotype with Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly-Lessons from the Population-Based Hamburg City Health Study.

Claudia Terschüren,Claudia Terschüren,Volker Harth,Matthias Augustin,Matthias Augustin,Lukas Damerau,Volker Harth,Lukas Damerau,Birgit-Christiane Zyriax,Birgit-Christiane Zyriax,Elina Larissa Petersen

doi:10.3390/ijerph19010377

Abstract

In aging populations, the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the resulting elevated risk of developing non-communicable diseases is a major challenge for worldwide health care. The elderly population-based Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) allows investigating the association in the relevant age group 45–74 years. For 3513 of 10,000 participants, self-reported information on dietary patterns (DASH, MEDAS), chronotype, lifestyle, and data on metabolic syndrome parameters was available. Overall, having a “low” DASH score was a statistically significant risk factor (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.01–1.48). Only for “late” chronotype, a slightly elevated OR (1.06) was found, but no statistically significant effect on the outcome of metabolic syndrome. Still, considering chronotype vastly improved the model. However, a trend of an increasing predicted probability from early to late chronotype was found for participants with low adherence to the DASH diet. Future research should focus on options for prevention in persons with late chronotype, so they can be supported better in adherence to, e.g., DASH diet to lower their risk.

Highlights

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a higher risk of non-communicable diseases like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and several types of cancer
According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), MetS is defined as a cluster of abdominal adiposity, glucose intolerance, increased blood pressure, and dyslipidemia [1]
Having a “low” Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score was a statistically significant risk factor

Summary

Introduction

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a higher risk of non-communicable diseases like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and several types of cancer. Due to the increased number of comorbidities and physiological changes that develop at older ages—such as an increase in the percentage of body fat and decrease in muscle mass [2], older adults are at risk of developing MetS. In the youngest age group (20 to 29 years), the prevalence was 4.0% in women and 6.6% in men, whereas in the age group of 70 years and older, 44.7% of the women and 39.8% of the men met the criteria for MetS. Referring to these results, almost half of the older population is developing MetS

Methods

Results

Conclusion