Association of Dental Caries, Retained Roots, and Missing Teeth with Physical Status, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Women of the Reproductive Age.

Najla Dar-Odeh,Osama Abu-Hammad,Sarah Taher,Ghufran Shahin,Hamzah Babkair,Sawsan Fadhlalmawla,Sary Borzangy,Lamis Farghal,Walaa Alhazmi

doi:10.3390/ijerph16142565

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate in women of reproductive age a possible association between particular dental diseases—dental caries, retained roots, and missing teeth—with some systemic conditions—physical status score- ASA (American Society for Anesthesiologists), diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Methods: Dental and medical history were retrieved from the electronic files of dental patients. Statistical analysis was performed using cross tabulation with the Chi-square test to explore the significance of an association between variables pertaining to dental diseases and the investigated systemic conditions. Logistic regression was further used to explore the significance of the above dental diseases as predictors for systemic conditions. Results: A total of 1768 female patients in the age range 18–55 were included, with a mean age of 31.2 ± 10.13 years. A total of 228 (12.9%) patients had a chronic systemic disease within the ASA II category, 66 (3.7%) were diabetic, and 76 (4.3%) were hypertensive. Missing teeth were significantly associated with the ASA II category, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension (p < 0.001, p = 0.009, p = 0.005 respectively), while retained roots were significantly associated with the ASA II category only (p = 0.023). Logistic regression showed a low predictive capacity of models describing the three systemic conditions. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most common systemic diseases among the study sample. While carious teeth had no significant association with the investigated systemic conditions, retained roots were significantly associated with the ASA II category only, and missing teeth were significantly associated with all investigated systemic conditions. However, oral diseases expressed a low predictive power of these systemic conditions.

Highlights

Hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and other cardiovascular risk factors were shown to be highly prevalent among women in developing countries [1]
This study was part of a larger study initiated a few years ago, aiming to investigate and promote the oral health status of women in Al Madinah, considering that a substantial proportion were faced with a number of barriers against obtaining appropriate oral health care [15,16], and this may be paralleled by obstacles in obtaining appropriate medical care
This study investigated a potential link between some common dental diseases and other common cardiovascular risk factors in women of reproductive age

Summary

Introduction

Hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and other cardiovascular risk factors were shown to be highly prevalent among women in developing countries [1]. It is estimated that HTN and DM affect 20% and 25% of women, respectively [1]. It is well established that there is a parallel increase in the prevalence of dental diseases, such as caries, retained roots, and periapical jaw lesions, in these populations [2]. Recent studies reported that among women there is a high prevalence of retained roots and periapical jaw lesions, reaching 25% and 50%, respectively [3]. Such oral diseases are often associated with certain lifestyle factors that adversely influence oral and general health [4,5]. Public Health 2019, 16, 2565; doi:10.3390/ijerph16142565 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph

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