Abstract
The aim of study was to examine the localization and distribution of cytokeratin (CK) and vimentin protein and their association with clinical outcome of the TCC patients. Expression pattern of cytokeratin and vimentin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in TCC cases and inflammatory lesions. Cytoplasmic expression of CK was noticed in 52.17% of TCC cases and its expression was not observed in inflammatory lesions of bladder specimens. Vimentin showed expression in 69.00% cases of TCC. Significant differences were noticed in expression pattern of CK and vimentin in inflammatory lesion and Transitional Cell Carcinoma cases. Vimentin expression increased with the grade of TCC and this difference was statistically significant whereas expression of CK decreased according to the grade of TCC. Furthermore, it was also observed that expression pattern of vimentin was high in ≥55 years as compared to <55 age group patients and these differences were significant in men as compared to women. Expression pattern of CK did not show any significant relation with age and gender. Therefore, it can be concluded that cytokeratin and vimentin will be helpful markers in the early diagnosis of Transitional Cell Carcinoma/bladder carcinoma.
Highlights
Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide in term of morbidity and mortality
Cytokeratin expression was noticed in 24.00 (52.17%) of Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) cases in cytoplasm (Figure 1) including 9 (64.28%) in Grade I, 10 (55.55%) in Grade II, and 5 (35.71%) in Grade III whereas 22.00 (47.82%) of TCC did not show any expressions of cytokeratin protein (Figure 2)
Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) cases were examined for both markers; most of the cases showed both CK and vimentin positivity and our results showed that cytokeratin and vimentin have pivotal role in development and progression of TCC
Summary
Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide in term of morbidity and mortality. Despite of its high prevalence, the molecular mechanism involved in the induction of bladder carcinoma and its progression is not properly understood [1]. A range of tumour markers and therapy targets are in use to investigate the Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) and its clinical outcome. Still potential marker is needed to diagnose/investigate the Transitional Cell. The assessment of potential biomarkers will be important move towards diagnosis and treatment of Transitional Cell Carcinoma. In this vista, intermediate filament family proteins play an important role in the genesis of Transitional Cell Carcinoma
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