Abstract
BackgroundEvidence of the association between dyslipidemia and its components with commuting mode after adjusting for air pollution is limited. This study aimed to explore the association of dyslipidemia and its components with the modes used to commute to and from work after accounting for air pollution and other potential confounding factors.MethodsThis cross–sectional study was based on data collected from a working population of 69 functional communities in Beijing in 2016. A final sample of 8090 adults aged 18–65 years (mean age: 38.36 ± 9.75 years) was enrolled in the study. Risk estimates and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of dyslipidemia and its components with commuting mode were determined using multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsOf the 8090 subjects, 2419 (29.90%) met the criteria for dyslipidemia. Compared with car or taxi commuters, walking (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.97), cycling (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.86) and bus-riding commuters (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.91) had a lower risk for dyslipidemia. Compared with car or taxi commuting, walking, cycling and bus-riding commuting were also associated with a lower risk for some components of dyslipidemia. Among the walking, cycling and bus-riding commuters, a dose-response trend of the association between dyslipidemia, some of its components and commuting mode by commuting time was also observed.ConclusionsWalking, cycling and bus-riding commuting can reduce the risk for dyslipidemia and some of its components. Education on the prevention of dyslipidemia should be emphasized among higher-risk people who usually commute by car or taxi. Population-wide health may be improved by policies that encourage active commuting, particularly cycling and walking.
Highlights
Evidence of the association between dyslipidemia and its components with commuting mode after adjusting for air pollution is limited
A meta–analysis including 531,333 participants reported that active commuting by walking or cycling reduces the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [12]
This study demonstrated the following: (1) the walking commuting mode was associated with a lower risk for dyslipidemia, elevated TGs and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than the car or taxi commuting mode; (2) the cycling commuting mode was associated with a lower risk for dyslipidemia and each component of dyslipidemia than the car or taxi commuting mode; (3) bus commuters had a lower risk for dyslipidemia, reduced HDL-C, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and elevated non-HDL-C than car or taxi commuters; (4) subway commuters had a lower risk for elevated TGs than car or taxi commuters; and (5) among walking, cycling, and bus-taking commuters, a dose-response trend of the association of dyslipidemia and some of its components with commuting mode by commuting time was observed
Summary
Evidence of the association between dyslipidemia and its components with commuting mode after adjusting for air pollution is limited. One previous study on the working population demonstrated that before the year 2000, active commuting modes such as walking and cycling were the main commuting mode, but today an increasing number of people have cars and drive to work in Beijing [9]. The number of vehicles in Beijing is expected to be 10.4 million by 2030 [11] Because of this rapid increase, cars and taxis have become some of the dominant modes of travel in Beijing. A prospective cohort study reported that commuting via cycling was associated with a reduction in the risk of incident CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality [15]. A meta–analysis including 531,333 participants reported that active commuting by walking or cycling reduces the risk for CVD [12]. A dose-response meta-analysis on the relationship between walking and cycling and all-cause mortality demonstrated a significantly reduced risk for all-cause mortality, with the greatest effects observed for 120 min per week of walking and 100 min per week of cycling in the adult population [14]
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