Abstract
BackgroundHigh throughput sequencing allows identification of small non-coding RNAs. Transfer RNA Fragments are a class of small non-coding RNAs, and have been identified as being involved in inhibition of gene expression. Given their role, it is possible they may be involved in mediating the infection-induced defense response in the host. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify 5′ transfer RNA fragments (tRF5s) associated with a serum antibody response to M. bovis in beef cattle.ResultsThe tRF5s encoding alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, proline, selenocysteine, threonine, and valine were associated (P < 0.05) with antibody response against M. bovis. tRF5s encoding alanine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, lysine, proline, selenocysteine, threonine, and valine were associated (P < 0.05) with season, which could be attributed to calf growth. There were interactions (P < 0.05) between antibody response to M. bovis and season for tRF5 encoding selenocysteine (anticodon UGA), proline (anticodon CGG), and glutamine (anticodon TTG). Selenocysteine is a rarely used amino acid that is incorporated into proteins by the opal stop codon (UGA), and its function is not well understood.ConclusionsDifferential expression of tRF5s was identified between ELISA-positive and negative animals. Production of tRF5s may be associated with a host defense mechanism triggered by bacterial infection, or it may provide some advantage to a pathogen during infection of a host. Further studies are needed to establish if tRF5s could be used as a diagnostic marker of chronic exposure.
Highlights
High throughput sequencing allows identification of small non-coding Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Transfer RNA Fragments are a class of small interfering RNA that were originally considered a degradation product of the translation process, but their role in regulation of gene translation in the cell has been recognized [9, 10]. Their classification is based on the processing site of the transfer RNA: tRFs processed from the 5′ end of the mature tRNA are denoted 5′ transfer RNA fragments (tRF5s); tRFs cleaved at the 3′ end of the mature tRNA are referred to as tRF3; those produced from the beginning of the 3′ end, cleaved from the immature tRNA are designated tRF1
We identified nine tRF5s for which expression levels were associated with Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) status
Summary
High throughput sequencing allows identification of small non-coding RNAs. Transfer RNA Fragments are a class of small non-coding RNAs, and have been identified as being involved in inhibition of gene expression. Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) has been identified as a prime pathogen causing respiratory disease of cattle, along with Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, High throughput sequencing allows identification of small non-coding RNAs [7, 8]. Transfer RNA Fragments (tRFs) are a class of small interfering RNA that were originally considered a degradation product of the translation process, but their role in regulation of gene translation in the cell has been recognized [9, 10]. Their classification is based on the processing site of the transfer RNA (tRNA): tRFs processed from the 5′ end of the mature tRNA are denoted tRF5; tRFs cleaved at the 3′ end of the mature tRNA are referred to as tRF3; those produced from the beginning of the 3′ end, cleaved from the immature tRNA are designated tRF1
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