Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the difference in serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with periodontitis and in periodontally healthy individuals and evaluate the changes in circulating leptin and adiponectin after periodontal therapy. Leptin and adiponectin are the most generally studied adipokines that function as inflammatory cytokines. Although the association between periodontitis and serum levels of leptin and adiponectin has been studied extensively, the results were not consistent.MethodsA systematic search of the Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to September 2016 was conducted. The studies were screened and selected by two writers according to the specific eligibility criteria. The quality of included cross-sectional studies was assessed using the quality assessment form recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies. The meta-analyses were conducted using the STATA 12.0 software.ResultsA total of 399 manuscripts were yielded and 25 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Significantly elevated serum levels of leptin and decreased serum levels of adiponectin in patients with periodontitis were observed in the subgroup analysis of body mass index (BMI) <30. The overall and subgroup analyses showed no significant change in the serum levels of leptin in patients with periodontitis after periodontal treatment. The subgroup analysis of systemically healthy patients showed no significant change in serum levels of adiponectin in patients with periodontitis after periodontal treatment.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis supported elevated serum levels of leptin and decreased serum levels of adiponectin in patients with periodontitis compared with controls in the BMI <30 population. In systemically healthy patients with periodontitis, serum levels of leptin and adiponectin do not significantly change after periodontal treatment.
Highlights
This study aimed to assess the difference in serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with periodontitis and in periodontally healthy individuals and evaluate the changes in circulating leptin and adiponectin after periodontal therapy
Eligibility criteria The inclusion criteria for the studies comparing the difference in serum levels of leptin and adiponectin between patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals were as follows: (1) the studies were case-controlled, cross-sectional, prospective, or clinical trials; (2) the periodontitis groups consisted of patients diagnosed with periodontal disease, including chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AP)
Characteristics and quality assessment Of the 25 included studies, all 16 studies focusing on the difference in serum levels of leptin and/or adiponectin between patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals employed the cross-sectional design [16, 30,31,32, 40, 41, 44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53]
Summary
This study aimed to assess the difference in serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with periodontitis and in periodontally healthy individuals and evaluate the changes in circulating leptin and adiponectin after periodontal therapy. Adipokines are a group of bioactive molecules primarily secreted by adipose tissues [12] Adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin, are important in periodontal inflammation for functioning as proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines [13]. Of all these adipokines, leptin and adiponectin have been extensively described because of their critical role in immune response, bone and lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity modulation [14]. Leptin is considered to be a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the inflammatory response as it modulates the function of immunocytes such as T-cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells. To clarify the association between adipokines and periodontitis can be conducive to investigate the mechanism of periodontal inflammations and the impact of periodontitis on systemic diseases
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