Association of circulating CTRP9 with soluble adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease.

Nariman Moradi,Reza Fadaei,Soudabeh Fallah,Ghodratollah Panahi,Solaleh Emamgholipour,Elham Kazemian,Siamak Vahedi,Lotfolah Saed,Jonathan M Peterson

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192159

Abstract

C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9) is a paralogue of adiponectin with known favorable effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. A potential role of CTRP9 for regulation of endothelium function has been suggested by previous studies. However, no studies have examined the relation between serum CTRP9 levels and adhesion molecules in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study was conducted on 337 subjects who underwent coronary angiography and were categorized into four groups according to the presence of CAD and T2DM (control, CAD, T2DM and CAD+T2DM). Serum levels of CTRP9, adiponectin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-Selectin, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured. It was found that the circulating CTRP9 levels were independently associated with increased risk of CAD and T2DM in addition to elevated levels of serum CTRP9 in CAD, T2DM and CAD+T2DM groups. A significant association of serum CTRP9 levels with adhesion molecules in CAD and T2DM patients as well as serum TNF-α levels in CAD individuals was noted. A significant relation between the circulating levels of CTRP9 and HOMA-IR in T2DM subjects was also observed. The results revealed increased circulating levels of CTRP9 in T2DM and CAD individuals which suggests a compensatory response to insulin resistance, inflammatory milieu and endothelial dysfunction; however, more studies are needed to confirm this.

Highlights

Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of several hormones, such as bioactive molecules known as adipokines [1]
The findings of the present study revealed that circulating C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9) levels were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD)
We found an independent association of CTRP9 levels with soluble adhesion molecules in patients with CAD and T2DM

Summary

Introduction

Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of several hormones, such as bioactive molecules known as adipokines [1]. Considerable research has been devoted to understanding the biology of adipokines and their potential role in obesity-related diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [2,3]. Adipokines have been identified as having diverse functional roles in lipid and glucose metabolism and in inflammation, along with the pathogenic processes of many diseases [4,5]. Adiponectin, a well-known adipokine, exerts a positive role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. The C1q TNF related protein (CTRP) family is a newly discovered paralogue of adiponectin [6]. This family has 15 members (CTRP1 to CTRP15) with related structures and diverse functions [7]. TNF-α inhibits CTRP9 expression in H9c2 cells [11]

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Conclusion