Association of Changes in Relevant Indicators With Cardiovascular Disease and Osteoporosis in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe essence of menopause is ovarian failure, decreased estrogen volatility, and deficiency leading to multiple related symptoms and an increased risk of metabolic disease in women, such as cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. This study screened 773 eligible postmenopausal and perimenopausal women from an initial pool of 1187 participants, and various physiological and biochemical indices were measured and analyzed to assess differences across three age groups (40–44 years, 45–49 years, 50–54). We found no significant difference in the rate of cardiovascular disease between postmenopausal and perimenopausal women, while the rate of osteoporosis was higher in postmenopausal women compared to perimenopausal women. The disease of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women was associated with age (p < 0.05). We also found that postmenopausal women and perimenopausal women had significant effects on follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), total cholesterol (TC), lumbar spine BMD (T1), femoral neck BMD, The bone density (T2) of the right femur was significantly affected. There are significant differences in FSH, LH, E2, TC, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), L2–L4, T1, Neck of femur decrease, and T2 in women of different ages. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between age and E2 and metabolic indicators showed that age has a greater impact on the risk of postmenopausal and perimenopausal females. This study can help further understand the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis in perimenopausal and menopausal women.