Association of cardiovascular risk factors with the different presentations of acute coronary syndrome.

Evelise Helena Fadini Reis Brunori,Juliana De Lima Lopes,Vinicius Batista Santos,Camila Takáo Lopes,Alba Lucia Bottura Leite De Barros,Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer Cavalcante

doi:10.1590/0104-1169.3389.2449

Evelise Helena Fadini Reis Brunori, Juliana De Lima Lopes + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3389.2449

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: to identify the relationship between different presentations of acute coronary syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors among hospitalized individuals. METHOD: cross-sectional study performed in a teaching hospital in São Paulo, in the State of São Paulo (SP). Socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric data of 150 individuals hospitalized due to acute coronary syndrome were collected through interviews and review of clinical charts. Association between these data and the presentation of the syndrome were investigated. RESULTS: there was a predominance of ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. There was significant association of systemic hypertension with unstable angina and high values of low density lipoprotein with infarction, without influence from socio-demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION: arterial hypertension and high levels of low-density lipoprotein were associated with different presentations of coronary syndrome. The results can provide support for health professionals for secondary prevention programs aimed at behavioural changing.

Highlights

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and worldwide[1] and constitute a serious public health issue
Data collection occurred through interviews and the review of clinical charts from September 2011 to May 2012.The instrument used for data collection was constructed by the researchers, based on classifications of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, in Portuguese) and on the Brazilian Guidelines for unstable angina (UA), non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and divided into the following parts: 1) Socio-demographic information: Hospital code, sex, color (White, Black, Asian, Mixed race) and age, educational level
One coronary artery being affected was significantly associated with NSTEMI (p=0.029)

Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and worldwide[1] and constitute a serious public health issue. In Brazil, between January and October 2012, circulatory diseases represented 20.6% of all deaths, 24% affecting adults between 20 and 59 years old, in the prime of their productive years. Among the non-modifiable risk factors for the development of CVD, age over 55 years old, a family history of CVD, male sex, and ethnicity for certain conditions can be mentioned. Some of the modifiable risk factors are dyslipidemia (DLP), smoking, systemic arterial hypertension, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), unhealthy diet and psychosocial stress. Dyslipidemia is the main predictor of CVD, mainly due to the high serum concentrations of low density lipoproteins (LDL)(3)

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