Abstract
Objective: To assess the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and explore the risk factors for an elevated hs-CRP level. We also provide the clinical utility of CRP to identify subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey in China. Subjects were divided into three subgroups: hs-CRP ≤ 1 mg/L, 1 mg/L < hs-CRP ≤ 3 mg/L and hs-CRP > 3 mg/L. Multiple linear regressions and logistic regression models were used. Results: In the Chinese population, 50.43% subjects had a low hs-CRP level, 30.21% subjects had an intermediate hs-CRP level and 19.36% subjects had an elevated hs-CRP level. Age, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity, a low LDL level, an elevated fasting glucose level, uric acid and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) were correlated with log-CRP. In multivariate analysis, relative risks of an elevated CRP level were 2.40 (95% CI 1.44–3.99, p = 0.001), 3.63 (95% CI 2.20–5.98, p < 0.001), 4.23 (95% CI 2.51–7.11, p < 0.001) and 6.23 (95% CI 3.45–11.26, p < 0.001) for subjects with 1, 2, 3, or more than 3 MetS components, respectively. The accurate estimates of the area under the receiver operating characteristic of hs-CRP for MetS was 0.6954 (95% CI, 0.67–0.72). Conclusion: Age, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity, a low LDL level, an elevated fasting glucose level, uric acid and ACR are correlated with log-CRP. The number of MetS components is a significant determinant of elevated CRP levels after adjusted for other potential confounders.
Highlights
According to the findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in China [1]
The number of components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant determinant of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels after adjusted for other potential confounders including albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and uric acid
Low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels, and an elevated fasting glucose level are correlated with log-CRP levels
Summary
According to the findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in China [1]. Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, older age, male sex and smoking are well known CVD risk factors [2,3]. Evaluation of CVD risk factors and early intervention might contribute to lower mortality from CVD. C-reactive protein (CRP), one acute-phase protein correlated with inflammation, has been considered as a novel risk factor of CVD [2]. It is found that hs-CRP levels are correlated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11], and endothelial dysfunction [12]
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